英文对照赏析
恭谨重礼 自省改过Qu Boyu’s Attention to Courtesy and Continuous Self-improvement
蘧瑗，字伯玉，春秋时卫国人，今长坦县伯玉村人，事卫三公（献公、襄公、灵公），因贤德而闻名诸侯。他品行端正，恭谨重礼，非常注重反省自身的过失。孔子与他交往颇厚，几次到卫国，大都住在其家中。
一次，卫灵公与夫人南子在宫中夜坐，听到外面辚辚的车马声，快到宫门时声音停了，过了一会又响了起来。南子说：“这一定是蘧伯玉。”灵公问：“你怎么知道？”南子说：“我听说，按照礼节，臣子过宫门要下车以表示尊敬。忠臣和孝子不会在大庭广众信誓旦旦，不会在黑暗中改变自己的操守。蘧伯玉是卫国品行端正的大夫，仁而有智，恭敬尽忠。他不会因为没人看见就不遵守礼节的，应该是他了。”灵公派人去看，果然是蘧伯玉。
成语“伯玉知非”说的就是蘧伯玉，他非常谦虚恭谨，能够时刻反省自己的过失和错误，并努力去改过。
蘧伯玉二十岁时，就能够反省自己以前有很多的过失，并努力改过。到了二十一岁，发现自己还有很多过失需要改正。就这样年复一年，日复一日，总是这样不断反省著自己，严格要求自己不断上进。到了五十岁时，他发现自己四十九年来做的都很不好。
有一次，蘧伯玉派人到鲁国看望孔子。孔子请来人坐，问他：“伯玉还好吗？”那人说：“伯玉想减少自己的过错，却做不到。”那人走后。孔子对蘧伯玉和其使者大加赞赏。
卫灵公重用蘧伯玉这样的贤德之臣，把卫国治理的日益强大。晋国大将赵简子原想讨伐卫国，派人到卫国探视。探视的人回来告诉赵简子：“蘧伯玉在卫国当政，不可以加兵。”赵简子于是便马上取消了攻打卫国的计划。
蘧伯玉虽已去世，但他的德行却令后人钦佩不已。东汉文学家班昭作《东征赋》对其赞赏。到了唐朝，唐玄宗追封蘧伯玉为“卫伯”。后来宋真宗又追封其为“内黄侯”，在长垣建祠对他进行祭祀。祠内有“君子堂”、“及圣堂”、“知非轩”、“寡过轩”等。
A contemporary of Confucius named Qu Yuan, courtesy name Boyu, lived during the Spring and Autumn Period in the Wei Kingdom. His hometown was Boyu Village in Changtan County, Henan Province. He served three kings: Wei Xian Gong, Wei Xiang Gong and Wei Ling Gong. He was renowned for his virtue. His behavior was righteous and his manner courteous. Qu Boyu paid particular attention to self-examination. Confucius, his good friend, would stay at Qu's home each time he traveled to the Wei Kingdom.
One night when King Wei Ling Gong and his wife, Queen Nanzi, both were in the Royal Palace, they heard the sound of a horse-drawn wagon approaching the palace; then it stopped. Some time later the sound started again. Queen Nanzi said, "This must have been Qu Boyu." Wei Ling Gong asked, "How do you know?" The queen said, "Royal protocol required that when the ministers passing the Royal Palace, they are supposed to step down from their wagon to show their respect. Most loyal ministers or devoted sons would not do so at night when no one sees them. Qu Boyu is an honest and dignified minister; he is a wise man with consistent good manners. He will not ignore the protocol when no one sees him. It must be him!" When king Wei Ling Gong sent someone to check, it was determined it was indeed Qu Boyu.
The Chinese Idiom, "Boyu knows his problem" refers to Qu Boyu. He was very humble and polite and constantly looking at his own shortcomings and mistakes. He always made his best efforts to correct himself.
When Qu Boyu was 20 years old, he could already identify many of his own mistakes and shortcomings and tried to correct them. When he was 21, he found that he still had many issues to be worked on. So, year after year, day after day, he was constantly looking for his own shortcomings. When he was 50, he found that what he had done in the past 49 years was not satisfactory.
Once Qu Boyu dispatched someone to visit Confucius. When they met, Confucius invited the visitor to sit down and asked," How's Boyu?" The visitor said, "Boyu always wants to minimize his own mistakes, but he always falls short." After the visitor left, Confucius highly praised both Qu Boyu and the visitor.
King Wei Ling Gong gave many responsibilities to virtuous ministers such as Qu Boyu; as a result, the Wei Kingdom became stronger and more prosperous. Once general Zhao Jianzi from the Jin Kingdom planned to attack Wei and he sent spies to the Wei Kingdom. The spies returned and told Zhao Jianzi, "Qu Boyu is governing the Wei Kingdom. We must not attack them now." General Zhao Jianzi agreed with the advice and canceled his war plan.
After Qu Boyu died, many future generations admired his conduct and virtue. The famous writer Ban Zhao, who lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote the "Tribute to Journey to the East" (Dong Zheng Fu) to praise Qu Boyu. Emperor Tang Xuanzong in the Tang Dynasty honored Qu Boyu as "Wei Bo." Emperor Song Zhenzong in the Song dynasty called Qu Boyu "Nei Huang Hou" and built a temple in his honor in Changtan County. The temple had several halls, such as "Gentlemen's Hall," "Sacred Hall," "The Hall to Know Your Own Mistakes" and the "Hall of Few Mistakes."