在美国念哪些大学最赚？大出意料都不是名校

念大学，在美国仍被公认为是最佳投资。去年一份丕优研究中心(Pew Research Center)的研究显示，25至32岁的大学毕业生薪水比高中学历者高出63%。因为这个差异，许多人不惜举债上大学。


但是大学的文凭成本也越来越高：1978年以来学费上涨率是通膨的三倍。某些营利大学每年花上亿美元做广告，学生花费不赀借联邦就学贷款去唸书，从表现不佳的大学毕业后，发现薪水差，但即使破产了，还是躲不了就学贷款的债，必须要还。


那么哪所大学值得投下成本呢？哈佛毕业生赚大钱，是因为他们出身名校哈佛？还是这些优秀青年不论念什么学校都会出人头地？曾经有一份经济研究发现，名校毕业生赚的钱并不比同样被名校接受、却选择唸较次学校的毕业生赚得多。所以有必要削尖脑袋挤进名校吗?


联邦教育部去年9月12日曾推出一个网页，列出许多大学评鉴资料，包括学生贷款档案和日后所得税申报的比对。<经济学人>杂志使用这些数据建立了一个“评分卡”(scorecard)，根据每个学校的学生属性预估他们十年后的薪资。评分的因素包括SAT 分数、男女比例、种族分类、学生人数、公立还是私立、科系的种类、学校所在地的就业机会等等。将此预估值与实际的报税资料比对时，其中的差别就是<经济学人>认为大学赋予的”添加价值”。


<经济学人>指出，虽然该评量方法有若干缺点，但还是有宝贵资料可供学生选校参考。该评分卡发现，决定大学毕业生所得最重要的一个因素，是以前的学科成绩，如SAT即是重要指标。入校标准SAT平均1210分的毕业生，比起920分者年薪高出1万1700美元。


次重要的因素是选读科系。以热门的理工、科技、数学类别而言，侧重工程师和电脑科学家的学院，往往出现不寻常富有的校友。侧重数学、物理学的学院，钱途未必较佳。

另一个钱途看好的领域是商学院。虽然不保证巨富，但钱途不差。波士顿地区的 Babson学院，仅次于麻省理工和哈佛；同样波士顿地区的Bentley学院，在入学标准SAT 1150分以下的学校族群，表现第一。学生若想接受更广泛的课程，Villanova是不错的选择。它接受一半的申请者，与大型会计师事务所和高薪职务有密切关系。


一般印象认为少碰人文学科，但资料并不支持这种见解。从主修英文(如纽约州立大学Albany分校)或历史(维吉尼亚的Hampden-Sydney)的毕业生来看，薪水并没有不正常的低。不过，宗教学校和艺术学校在所得统计表上倒是殿底。


 

学校	州	2011 实际收入中间值	2011 预估收入中间值	附加价值
Washington and Lee University	VA	$                                77,600	$                                55,225	$         22,375
Babson College	MA	$                                85,500	$                                65,172	$         20,328
Villanova University	PA	$                                73,700	$                                60,457	$         13,243
Harvard University	MA	$                                87,200	$                                74,469	$         12,731
Bentley University	MA	$                                74,900	$                                62,329	$         12,571
Otis College of Art and Design	CA	$                                42,000	$                                29,565	$         12,435
Lehigh University	PA	$                                76,800	$                                64,562	$         12,238
Alderson Broaddus University	WV	$                                43,400	$                                31,769	$         11,631
Texas A & M International University	TX	$                                45,200	$                                33,695	$         11,505
California State University-Bakersfield	CA	$                                48,100	$                                37,028	$         11,072
Holy Family University	PA	$                                49,900	$                                39,411	$         10,489
University of the Pacific	CA	$                                66,400	$                                56,479	$            9,921
University of Saint Joseph	CT	$                                49,700	$                                39,827	$            9,873
Bucknell University	PA	$                                68,800	$                                59,356	$            9,444
University of Pennsylvania	PA	$                                78,200	$                                68,816	$            9,384
Georgetown University	DC	$                                83,300	$                                74,098	$            9,202
Drake University	IA	$                                55,700	$                                46,904	$            8,796
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	NY	$                                81,700	$                                73,065	$            8,635
California Lutheran University	CA	$                                52,900	$                                44,364	$            8,536
California State University-Stanislaus	CA	$                                44,900	$                                36,381	$            8,519
Duquesne University	PA	$                                54,300	$                                45,866	$            8,434
University of Scranton	PA	$                                56,000	$                                47,567	$            8,433
Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology	IN	$                                78,900	$                                70,535	$            8,365
Rhode Island School of Design	RI	$                                47,300	$                                38,947	$            8,353
Wilkes University	PA	$                                49,900	$                                41,653	$            8,247
Massachusetts Institute of Technology	MA	$                                91,600	$                                83,418	$            8,182
Linfield College-McMinnville Campus	OR	$                                51,300	$                                43,123	$            8,177
California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo	CA	$                                60,900	$                                52,959	$            7,941
Duke University	NC	$                                76,700	$                                68,896	$            7,804
Gwynedd Mercy University	PA	$                                52,000	$                                44,254	$            7,746
Fairfield University	CT	$                                69,000	$                                61,344	$            7,656
Pepperdine University	CA	$                                61,400	$                                53,756	$            7,644
Davidson College	NC	$                                58,500	$                                50,860	$            7,640
Woodbury University	CA	$                                45,600	$                                38,020	$            7,580
Stevens Institute of Technology	NJ	$                                82,800	$                                75,347	$            7,453
College of the Holy Cross	MA	$                                63,700	$                                56,349	$            7,351
East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania	PA	$                                42,900	$                                35,584	$            7,316
Mansfield University of Pennsylvania	PA	$                                38,100	$                                30,799	$            7,301
SUNY Oneonta	NY	$                                42,400	$                                35,156	$            7,244
George Mason University	VA	$                                57,000	$                                49,804	$            7,196
Western New England University	MA	$                                55,100	$                                47,943	$            7,157
Albright College	PA	$                                48,500	$                                41,358	$            7,142
Georgetown College	KY	$                                43,000	$                                35,926	$            7,074
Bluefield College	VA	$                                42,800	$                                35,769	$            7,031
Texas Woman's University	TX	$                                44,800	$                                37,794	$            7,006
Blue Mountain College	MS	$                                31,300	$                                24,402	$            6,898
Ithaca College	NY	$                                50,400	$                                43,533	$            6,867
University of Vermont	VT	$                                44,000	$                                37,139	$            6,861
Baker University	KS	$                                48,900	$                                42,076	$            6,824
Sul Ross State University	TX	$                                38,000	$                                31,208	$            6,792